Statement By The President Regarding The United States' Decision To Stop Degrading Global Positioning System Accuracy
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release May 1, 2000
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Today, I am pleased to announce that the United States will stop the intentional degradation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals available to the public beginning at midnight tonight. We call this degradation feature Selective Availability (SA). This will mean that civilian users of GPS will be able to pinpoint locations up to ten times more accurately than they do now. GPS is a dual-use, satellite-based system that provides accurate location and timing data to users worldwide. My March 1996 Presidential Decision Directive included in the goals for GPS to: 'encourage acceptance and integration of GPS into peaceful civil, commercial and scientific applications worldwide; and to encourage private sector investment in and use of U.S. GPS technologies and services.' To meet these goals, I committed the U.S. to discontinuing the use of SA by 2006 with an annual assessment of its continued use beginning this year.
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The decision to discontinue SA is the latest measure in an on-going effort to make GPS more responsive to civil and commercial users worldwide. Last year, Vice President Gore announced our plans to modernize GPS by adding two new civilian signals to enhance the civil and commercial service. This initiative is on-track and the budget further advances modernization by incorporating some of the new features on up to 18 additional satellites that are already awaiting launch or are in production. We will continue to provide all of these capabilities to worldwide users free of charge.
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My decision to discontinue SA was based upon a recommendation by the Secretary of Defense in coordination with the Departments of State, Transportation, Commerce, the Director of Central Intelligence, and other Executive Branch Departments and Agencies. They realized that worldwide transportation safety, scientific, and commercial interests could best be served by discontinuation of SA. Along with our commitment to enhance GPS for peaceful applications, my administration is committed to preserving fully the military utility of GPS. The decision to discontinue SA is coupled with our continuing efforts to upgrade the military utility of our systems that use GPS, and is supported by threat assessments which conclude that setting SA to zero at this time would have minimal impact on national security. Additionally, we have demonstrated the capability to selectively deny GPS signals on a regional basis when our national security is threatened. This regional approach to denying navigation services is consistent with the 1996 plan to discontinue the degradation of civil and commercial GPS service globally through the SA technique.
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Originally developed by the Department of Defense as a military system, GPS has become a global utility. It benefits users around the world in many different applications, including air, road, marine, and rail navigation, telecommunications, emergency response, oil exploration, mining, and many more. Civilian users will realize a dramatic improvement in GPS accuracy with the discontinuation of SA. For example, emergency teams responding to a cry for help can now determine what side of the highway they must respond to, thereby saving precious minutes. This increase in accuracy will allow new GPS applications to emerge and continue to enhance the lives of people around the world. |
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
___________________________________________________________________________
For Immediate Release May 1, 2000
President Clinton:
Improving the Civilian Global Positioning System (GPS)
May 1, 2000
"The decision to discontinue Selective Availability is the latest measure
in an ongoing effort to make GPS more responsive to civil and commercial
users worldwide. --This increase in accuracy will allow new GPS
applications to emerge and continue to enhance the lives of people around
the world."
President Bill Clinton
May 1, 2000
GPS IS A CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR INDIVIDUALS AND BUSINESSES AROUND THE
GLOBE. GPS is a dual-use system, providing highly accurate positioning and
timing data for both military and civilian users. There are more than 4
million GPS users world wide, and the market for GPS applications is
expected to double in the next three years, from $8 billion to over $16
billion. Some of these applications include: air, road, rail, and marine
navigation, precision agriculture and mining, oil exploration,
environmental research and management, telecommunications, electronic data
transfer, construction, recreation and emergency response.
GPS IS THE GLOBAL STANDARD. GPS has always been the dominant standard
satellite navigation system thanks to the U.S. policy of making both the
signal and the receiver design specification available to the public
completely free of charge.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES ENHANCE AMERICA'S NATIONAL SECURITY. The U.S. previously
employed a technique called Selective Availability (SA) to globally degrade
the civilian GPS signal. New technologies demonstrated by the military
enable the U.S. to degrade the GPS signal on a regional basis. GPS users
worldwide would not be affected by regional, security-motivated, GPS
degradations, and businesses reliant on GPS could continue to operate at
peak efficiency.
GPS IMPROVED SIGNAL WILL BRING INSTANT BENEFITS TO MILLIONS OF GPS USERS.
It's rare that someone can press a button and make something you already
own worth more, but that's exactly what's happening today. As of midnight
tonight, all the people who've bought GPS receivers for boats, cars, or
recreation will find that they are ten times more accurate.
The technology that makes this extraordinary technology possible grows
directly from our past research investments in basic physics, mathematics,
and engineering supported from NSF, DARPA, NIST and other Federal agencies
over a period of decades. GPS works because of super reliable atomic
clocks -- no mechanical device could come close. These clocks resulted
from Nobel-prize winning physics, and creative engineering that managed to
package devices which once filled large physics laboratories into a
compact, reliable, space-worthy device. The improved, non-degraded signal
will increase civilian accuracy by an order of magnitude, and have
immediate implications in areas such as:
Car Navigation: Previously, a GPS-based car navigation could give the
location of the vehicle to within a hundred meters. This was a problem,
for example, in areas where multiple highways run in parallel, because the
degraded signal made it difficult to determine which one the car was on.
Terminating SA will eliminate such problems, leading to greater consumer
confidence in the technology and higher adoption rates. It will also
simplify the design of many systems (e.g., eliminate certain map matching
software), thereby lowering their retail cost.
Enhanced-911: The FCC will soon require that all new cellular phones be
equipped with more accurate location determination technology to improve
responses to emergency 911 calls. Removing SA will boost the accuracy of
GPS to such a degree that it could become the method of choice for
implementing the 911 requirement. A GPS-based solution might be simpler
and more economical than alternative techniques such as radio tower
triangulation, leading to lower consumer costs.
Hiking, Camping, and Hunting: GPS is already popular among outdoor
enthusiasts, but the degraded accuracy has not allowed them to precisely
pin-point their location or the location of items (such as game) left
behind for later recovery. With 20 meter accuracy or better, hikers,
campers, and hunters should be able to navigate their way through unmarked
wilderness terrain with increased confidence and safety. Moreover, users
will find that the accuracy of GPS exceeds the resolution of U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) topographical quad maps.
Boating and Fishing: Recreational boaters will enjoy safer, more
accurate navigation around sandbars, rocks, and other obstacles. Anglers
will be able to more precisely locate their favorite spot on a lake or
river. Lobsterers will be able to find and recover their traps more
quickly and efficiently.
Increased Adoption of GPS Time: In addition to more accurate position
information, the accuracy of the time data broadcast by GPS will improve to
within 40 billionths of a second. Such precision may encourage adoption of
GPS as a preferred means of acquiring Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) and
for synchronizing everything from electrical power grids and cellular phone
towers to telecommunications networks and the Internet. For example, with
higher precision timing, a company can stream more data through a fiber
optic cable by tightening the space between data packets. Using GPS to
accomplish this is far less costly than maintaining private atomic clock
equipment.
Additional information about GPS and the Selective Availability decision is
available online at the Interagency GPS Executive Board web site:
http://www.igeb.gov